Showing posts with label Essays. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Essays. Show all posts

Tuesday, September 10, 2024

My Reflections on Homesteading and Nuclear Warfare (Megan)


~My Reflections on Homesteading and Nuclear Warfare~


    If you had told me seven years ago that I’d ever become a southern chicken momma, I’d have laughed in your face. I never imagined that, over the course of a handful of blistering summers, the South would transform me from a “Type A” New England girl to an Alabaman homesteading queen with a potato garden and a yard full of free ranging chickens, dogs, and stray children. Maybe it was the just the pandemic and peer pressure that started me on the hobby farming course, but I’d like to think that I come by these interests honestly. After all, my maternal great-grandparents were Minnesota farmers. They worked from dawn to dusk and instilled in my mother a fierce work ethic and pension for growing large gardens, baking bread, making soap, and dipping candles. Maybe it was the aromatic bunches of herbs drying in our rafters and the cauldron of sweet beeswax melting on our kitchen woodstove that set me on this homesteading journey. All I know for sure is that some pretty powerful forces have brought me where I am today.

    A few years ago, I discovered the wonders of kombucha and started my own tea brewery and collection of scobies. This naturally led to perfecting my sourdough starter and artisan bread loaves, which were snatched up at local markets. Chickens were the next logical pitstop as I headed slowly but steadily toward homesteading crazy town. I raised several broods and even spent hours watching fluff balls emerge from incubated eggs on my kitchen table. My pace was increasing, and I knew the final stop of my journey would be beekeeping.

    Like several friends in my southern momma circle, I fell for the YouTube videos which showed the magical side of beekeeping. Little imps in overalls helping Memaw harvest honey. There was music and laughter and some frolicking lambs in the background. No one was stung in all of this sticky mirth, and the family hardly knew what to do with all the honey they got!

    I made a plan to put aside a bit of the income I made cleaning horse stalls. Most of my barn money was accounted for, but I was able to start a secret savings of my own. I called it my “birds and bees fund” just to crack up my teenagers. Eventually, with the help of our prolific hens, I earned enough to buy my first beehive off of eBay. I was elated! Gradually a beekeeping suit, hive tool, and smoker were added to my stash, and my husband started looking nervous. I assured him that I had done loads of research and that my bee venture would prove to be as successful as the chickens had been. I preordered my first nucleusof honey bees and waited.

    At long last an anxious UPS driver showed up on my doorstep and told me in a shaky voice that there seemed to be a problem. “Ma’am, I dunno as much about bees as y’all do, but this don’t look good.” He lifted up the caged box to reveal a heap of distorted bee carcasses which had perished in transit. I agreed that those dried up husks would never make honey. After offering his condolences, the delivery man recommended that I reject the delivery and try again. Sadly, my experience was repeated a second time. Two colonies of massacred bees had arrived on my doorstep. I had to document the carnage with graphic photo evidence so the company would reimburse me. I shook off some feelings of foreboding but refused to give up.

    It was time to swallow my Yankee-bred independence and reached out to a local friend who kept bees. After telling her my sad tale, she immediately connected me with a mutual acquaintance, a bee farmer who offered me 50,000 bees for the same price I had paid for half as many dead ones! Hardly believing my good fortune, I sent my husband to pick up the two “nucs” and added the finishing touches to my hive.

    I’m not quite sure what I was expecting, but the wild buzzing inside the two boxes of mad bees intimidated me. I had not planned for nuclear warfare and pushed down some panic as I took off the netting. A minute later, my husband, who had been observing from a safe distance, hollered and began running to the house with a cloud of bees on his tail. Surely, he was exaggerating a bit? Six little stings couldn’t be all that bad… I was left alone to battle the bees. Gloved hands shaking, I managed to gingerly lift the first frame. It slipped, kamikaze bees pelted me in the face, and my life flashed before my eyes. I had watched the Hunger Games and knew my chances of survival were as slim as those of Katniss when she encountered the swarms of venomous tracker jackers. I begged God to spare my life and to just let the bees vaporize or swarm somewhere else. Sometime in between dropping that first frame and wetting my bee suit, I managed to get a few thousand bees into my hives. Sure, I had been stung and was even then swelling up beyond recognition, but I had prevailed!

    Fast forward a few months of inspecting and feeding my bees, conquering hive beetles with murder sauce, and learning the hard way how to keep bees out of my boots, I was euphoric. I even had a few jars of golden sweetness to show for a summer of hard work. I will admit that I felt a bit uneasy about my clumsy harvesting process and the casualties of so many of my bees. I even thought about coming clean and labeling my honey with the disclaimer that “both bees and beekeepers were harmed in the production of this honey.” Those honey-coated Pinterest posts and YouTube bee videos still haunted me, but the more I’ve talked to my bee keeping friends, the more I’ve realized that my learning curve and mistakes are common to all new beekeepers. One thing is for sure. I have gained a healthy fear and respect for both the honey bees and the formidable southern mommas who subdue them. Before I became an Alabamian hobby farmer, I believed the stereotypes. I discounted all southern ladies as superficial with their manicures and honey-sweet accents and pretty faces. Boy did I underestimate them! If bee keeping has taught me anything it’s that, on the inside, every bee AND every southern homesteading momma is a powerful force to be reckoned with. You might think she’s just full of honey, but if you’re fixing to mess with her home or her babies, y’all better prepare to be stung! And this Yankee girl is proud to call these queen bees her best friends.

Monday, October 16, 2017

Aidan's Fall Writing Assignments (Aidan)

Aidan Piercey
Writing Assignment
9/4/2017
Perseus and Medusa
            Perseus was the son of Jupiter and Danae. He was prophesied to be the death of his grandfather, and his grandfather attempted to escape from his prophesied doom. He locked the mother and the unlucky boy in a chest and caused it to float out into the midst of the sea. Perseus’s grandfather was relieved, and he pushed the memory of the unlucky boy and his mother out of his head. But this hasty act did not succeed in killing Perseus and his mother. As the chest floated out into the swirling sea, a fisherman spotted the chest and rescued the trapped duo. After hearing his grandson had been rescued from this dreadful death, Perseus’s grandfather again endeavored to rid the world of Perseus. After Perseus grew older, his grandfather challenged his to kill the renowned monster Medusa, and again believed he had escaped his coming doom. Perseus got ready to set out on this dangerous quest to slay the monster Medusa. He was unsure how to complete this task, and was then visited by two of the gods. They gave him gifts and instruction. He was to find the grey sisters, and ask them for directions. After that, when the time came to slay the monster, he was to use a polished shield as a mirror to see the monster, and to use the sword he was given to strike her. No second blow would be needed. He was then to wrap the head in goatskin, so as to avoid the monsters eyes. If he looked in the eyes of Medusa he would turn to stone. He was also given sandals that would allow him to fly. They then said goodbye, and Perseus set off.
            Perseus flew for days over the hills and seas. He watched as the clouds shot by, and he felt the wind in his face. He flew all the way to where the grey sisters sat, passing around an eye and a tooth. Perseus greeted them, and asked where the monster Medusa lay. “For!” he exclaimed, “with age comes knowledge.” The grey sisters took offense at this, and they ignored Perseus’s question. They began to pass the eye, and groped for the tooth. As one held out the eye, Perseus snatched it from her hand. He threatened to throw it into the river if they did not tell him where to find Medusa. The sisters wailed, and they told him they knew not the way, but gave him directions to where to find the giant Atlas, and he handed them back the eye. Perseus flew off with the aid of his magic sandals. He soon landed in the garden where the nymphs were, and soon spotted them singing and dancing. They beckoned for him to come and dance with them, but he refused and told them of his business, and asked for directions. They told him they did not know, but that the giant Atlas would tell him. They walked up a hill, and saw Atlas, straining under his heavy load. The nymphs told him of Perseus’s journey. Atlas told him he saw Medusa, lying with her sisters. He also told Perseus that he would need a hat that would cause him to be invisible. Perseus inquired how he was to find the hat, for he was a mere mortal, and only immortals can find the hat. Atlas told him that his daughters were immortals, and that they would give him the hat. For now all Perseus could do was wait, and dwell on the thought of killing the monster Medusa. After the hat was found, Perseus placed the hat on his head. Perseus then flew away to where Medusa lay.
Perseus spotted Medusa laying by her two sisters. Perseus looked at Medusa by using the polished shield he had been given. As he neared her, he saw she had once been beautiful, and he pitied her. But after seeing her brazen claws and the vipers in her hair, he remembered his mission, and he struck her with his sword. He then wrapped her head up in goatskin to conceal her eyes, and shot away from the evil place. He had slain the renowned monster Medusa, and had again foiled his grandfather’s plan!    
  




Aidan Piercey
Writing Assignment
9/12/17
Perseus and Andromeda
                Perseus continued over the ocean after slaying the dreadful Monster Medusa. He flew far and there was no t much to see. But this dull scenery changed as he neared a cliff where the sea broke its incessant rolling, and the calm turned to thundering lashing crashing foam forever throwing itself against a pile of untidy rocks. As Perseus looked upon this lifeless picture of nature, a movement caught his eye, a movement much smaller than the huge waves thrashing the unmoving rocks. No, it was a human, the only sign of life among the lifeless unfeeling rocks. Perseus for the first time in what seemed an eternity followed a charted course. He shot down toward the person, and found a woman tied down. The sea spray flung itself furiously at her, but was barely able to reach far enough to touch the life among the rocks. The woman cried out, but not at Perseus because of his hat of invisibility. He flew down unnoticed toward the bound victim. He found her very beautiful, and found it pointless to hide in front of her. He quickly tore the hat from his head, and the terrified girl became even more terrified at the sight of another human being appearing on the rocks after her being left there all night. Perseus inquired why she was stranded upon the rocks with no one with her, and why she was bound. The woman told him that she had been framed for a crime she had not committed. She had angered the sea god, and she had been left to be consumed by the Black Galley. Perseus was indignant after hearing her tale, and he took his sword and cut through her bonds as one cuts through flax. He was again aided by the gift of the gods. After being freed, instead of asking Perseus to rescue her, she begged him to leave.
                Perseus told her that he would not leave, but she begged him still. She said that they would both suffer the awful fate of being consumed by the beast of the sea if he did not leave. She said that she would obey the gods and stay where she was, stranded with no one to help her. She had angered the gods and would receive her fate for no reason. Perseus insisted that he would stay and slay the horrible Black Galley. He would not let this helpless woman be killed for a crime that was not committed. As they conversed the sun rose above the blue see and brought the darkness to an end. Many that day rubbed their eyes and began a new day, going about it as if nothing was going wrong. But something was grievously wrong. The sea continued its endless thrashing of the shore, and a monster awoke that morning, ready to consume a helpless human, and not ready to find Perseus bounding toward him, with his sandals carrying over the blue sea. The Black Galley decided he would consume two victims that day, and quickly moved towards Perseus. But Perseus was defiant. He had never given up a task, and he never would. If he would die fighting the Black Galley he would accept his fate. He would carry any wound with pride, but if his pride was wounded, there was no way he could bear it. He quickly and nimbly approached the Black Galley. As Perseus neared it, the woman bent down behind a rock, ready to be consumed by the Black Galley. “These Rocks will no longer hold life” she thought to herself. She found herself to be right. She would escape yet. She heard a long wail, and she looked up. Perseus was flying back toward her, holding aloft his sword which he had used to save her from what had seemed to be inescapable doom! Perseus picked up Andromeda, and he watched as the waves broke again against the shore, confused by the sudden departure of the only life among the rocks.
                Perseus shot upwards like an arrow, and quickly climbed the rocky cliff without touching its slippery surface. The rocks watched as the two shot upwards, and they seemed to mourn over the loss of the only life among them. Andromeda waited to wake from a dream, and find herself tied again to the rocks and watch the approach of the Black Galley, and have no rescuer to help her. But she never awoke, for she was awake, and Perseus was a real hero. There was no Black Galley anymore. Suddenly, they heard a faint sound of weeping, which had earlier been veiled by the relentless crash of the waves against the turf. It was now unfurled in front of them in the most sorrowful manner. For a moment, they did not sense anything other than the feeling of sorrow that hung over the gloomy group of people that wept and waited for the death of a guiltless villager. They waited for the sound of the Black Galley devouring her. They had no sense to what rescue had happened far below their place of mourning and waiting. A few had “dreamed” that they saw the monster being slain by Perseus. They now saw that those who had been called insane had been more sane then their accusers. For there before them stood, completely intact, the girl who had been unjustly sentenced to death by being consumed by the beast of the sea. Andromeda’s mother shot towards her like a bullet, all the grief swept from her face, and replaced by a joy that few have experienced. She embraced her daughter, and her father joined the two with a face so full of joy that mourning had left no trace. The men of the city circled around their “imagined hero.” They asked much of his adventure, and he told them freely of it. The father of Andromeda asked for Perseus to be his son in law, and to stay with them. Perseus accepted the offer, but did not consent to leave his homeland permanently. He had his own family that he wished not to desert. The father asked him to stay with them for a year, and Perseus consented. After what seemed like an eternity to Perseus passed by in twelve months of staying in this foreign land. A wedding feast was held, but not all were merry. A few men felt that Perseus should not just desert them with the girl. They plotted against him during the feast, and their plot took sudden and vicious action. They insulted Perseus and rushed upon him. Perseus remembered Medusa’s head, and he quickly unveiled it with a flourish straight at the men. Just as they were about to attack Perseus, they quivered, stuck fast to the ground, and turned from humans full of life, to lifeless stone. Twelve they were in number. Perseus called for them to be rolled away, and this was quickly done. That was the last anyone saw of those men. After the feast concluded, Perseus went to bed and dreamed. He dreamed Minerva the goddess asked him for the gifts that had been given to him, the sandals, the sword, and the shield, so that she could return them to their owners. Perseus reluctantly gave these items up. Each one of them had saved his life, and now he would lose them forever. When he awoke, he searched for them, but never found them!  





Aidan Piercey
Writing Assignment
9/20/2017
Perseus Returns Home
                “Timber!” A giant tree falls, crashing down from the stance it had once held. It breaks its kingly arms against the trunks of fellow trees. It bends the sapling as it clears its way toward the ground. It watches as men dodge out of its path and rejoice as they watch it falling from the long held position it had held towering above the other great trees. It had once held great dignity, but now it met public disgrace as it was lowered lower down than a mere sapling. This great tree had once comfortably housed birds in its trunk, and insects had dug great caverns through its trunk. Children had found disappointment after staring up at the hopelessly high branches. The tree finally hit the ground. Its leaves quivered as it struck the lowly soil and groveled before the workmen. The men began to hack of its bark, skinning the tree until the pure wood shone bright in the sun. The great tree was then cut so as to fit a load of men and supplies. A lesser tree was driven into it and other great trees, and soon men dirtied the wood with the mud and sweat that followed work. This happened to many trees, and soon they were floating in the water. Sobbing could be heard from near the boats, but it was not lamenting for the kingly bows, but instead for the parting of humans from humans. Perseus was returning to his home. The rock where the people had mourned for the expected death of a beloved girl was now struck again by the sound and feeling of grief. Andromeda began to walk with Perseus to the boats. She was followed by wave after wave of grief-stricken people. The matter of months had shot by like a masterfully fired arrow.  They walked near the place where the waves had struck the cliff. This is where Andromeda had once been housed, waiting for her seemingly inescapable doom. The people watched as she set off from the shore in the great fleet of floating trees, which were no longer thought of as honorable, but as mere servants of the captain and the crew. The sounds of lamenting floated across the water, but were silenced by the crashing of the waves against rocks. Only the calls of the people could be faintly perceived by the ear of the crew. Soon the island disappeared, along with the rock from which Andromeda had been saved from.
                The mighty galley shot through the waters of the swirling sea, and Perseus found it much more difficult than flying around with the sandals he had been given. They were tossed by many storms and they found themselves many a time off course. The sea would not let Perseus return to his home without mishap. But he found it all worthwhile when he spotted the shores of his homeland. It had been seven years since he had last seen its great shores. He had left a mere lad, and had returned a celebrated hero. He stepped onto the sandy shoreline, his ships floating majestically behind him. He quickly walked inland. Saplings had grown to trees, boys had turned to men, and bushes had spread. The fawn had grown horns and had found a mate. Chicks had learned to fly, and they had built themselves great nests on the trees that had once been saplings. The memory of Perseus had been forgotten by earlier friends. He had been thought dead. But when he walked past, the memory of him reentered their minds. “But this cannot be! Why would he leave for seven years before returning? It seems he has found a wife. No, it cannot be.” These were the thoughts of all he passed. But after he found his mother and father, he was greeted as he should be, and this caused others to believe and greet him like a hero. After the greetings had been said, he again met trouble just as on Andromeda’s island. He was at a party, just as before. He began to boast of how he slew the Gorgon, and this was not met with belief. The host challenged him to show them the head, for it is easier to boast of something than to do it. Perseus took this as a challenge, so he took the head and tore off the goatskin. Before he had wrapped it up, he was surrounded by statues. Around that table, grass grew. Wild animals sniffed the strange humans. Moss covered them, and as far as we know, they sit there still today. A while later, a tournament was announced, and Perseus signed up. He wanted to try out sports after so much danger, and he believed himself a worthy sportsman as well. One sunny day, all was bustling as people traveled to where the sports were to be held. The athletes prepared themselves for the challenges, and when he was with the pother athletes, Perseus noticed an old man. He was sitting in front of the crowd on a beautiful chair, and his beard trailed down his chest like a never ending path. It blew like a flag in the wind. Perseus studied the man, and found his face familiar. Then, suddenly, as if meant to interrupt his daydream, he was called to start the challenges. Perseus had grown strong from all of his challenges, and he found it easy to outdo the other atm hletes. After showing himself by far the best sportsman, having won four events, he was praised by the crowd and even the other athletes. As he was surrounded by the crowd, a flood of memory flew over him! The kingly looking man was his grandfather! Perseus wished to prove himself a great sportsman and reveal himself to his grandfather. But it was not to be.
                Perseus stepped up to the place where he and the other athletes were to hurl. Perseus felt as confident as a lioness chasing a sick animal. He proudly stood beside the other hurlers, and it was soon his turn. He squared his shoulders, wound up, and hurled as far as he could. As he hurled, the crowd gasped. A wind was stirred up at sea, and the hurl curved, and a thump and a cry sounded. Men rushed from the crowd. Perseus’s grandfather had been hit. Perseus’s head swirled as he saw his grandfather, his features twisted in pain. He ran, but before he could reach the kingly old man, he had swooned. And so, his grandfather died by his hand. The prophecy that Perseus’s grandfather had tried to twist and snap had bent itself so as to complete its task. It had curved itself around like a snake, closing itself closer and closer no matter how hard Perseus’s grandfather had tried to change it. Perseus saw this all, and he wept. After this day, many people mourned for the man. His memory was fixed in Perseus’s mind tighter than any other. After a while, Perseus became king, and he ruled with Andromeda, who would always remember that day when Perseus had risked all to save her. And now, the memory of those two have passed from many people’s minds, and the memory of Medusa, and the rock where Andromeda had been bound. Even the trees have forgotten their comrades, those trees that had once stood, but had been brought low to be used by Perseus to return home again.        





Aidan Piercey
Writing Assignment
10/6/2017
The Promise of Jason
                “So you wish for me to train the boy!” exclaimed the Centaur, “and I will do as you ask. He will stay with me until he is old enough to venture out on his own. He will be well cared for.”
                “Thank you, noble Centaur” cried the king, “I know you will train him well.” The king then left the cave without a word. No second thoughts. He hurried down the side of the mountain. The centaur watched as the king hurried down the cliff, and the boy stood and watched by his side.
                “Come boy,” mumbled the centaur. “You and your father have gone through much, and it is time for some rest.”
                And so the training began. The boy grew in stature and knowledge, and he also grew more ready to leave the cave at the top of the mountain. He was trained well by the centaur, and was especially skilled with medicine, so the centaur named him Jason the healer. But it was not to be forever. The two became good friends, and once the boy was grown, he found the ultimate test to his training and friendship.
                Jason watched as the sun set over the hills, and the bright colors painted the world outside of his little cave, the centaur, whose name Juno, watched by his side.
“Juno,” said Jason, “I wish to go out of this cave, for I tire of just watching from up here. I wish to be part of the life down there, and even regain the kingdom that was stolen from my father long ago. You have trained me for what seems to have been a lifetime, and now I wish to test your teachings out in the real world, and not just play-act my life in this cave.”
Juno stood thoughtful by the side of the young man, whom he had raised as his own. His old wise heart was struck with sadness, but he knew it would be best to grant this wish and let young man leave the cave, as a bird leaves the nest once it has been fledged. He looked at the pleading face of Jason, and he knew it was time to let him go, and use the training he had received to succeed in the world beneath him.
“You may leave the cave, but on one condition. You must promise me two things.”
“Yes sir, anything!”
“You must promise me two things,” Juno repeated, “that you will never speak a harsh word to any soul, no matter how they have offended you. The second is that you will always keep your word, and never lie nor turn back from a promise. If you keep these two vows, you will exceed greatly in your life out in the world.”
“I will!” cried Jason. Later that day, Jason said farewell to the noble centaur that had trained him for so long. The two parted, never to see each-other again.
Jason descended the mountain, torn between joy and sorrow, for he had left the cave that had trapped him, but had also left the only friend he had. He was free, but also alone. After finding himself at the bottom of the mountain, he made straight for the city that he had been born in. He walked on for a while, leaving behind the jagged rocks and steep trails, and he neared a river that ran through the forest. He also neared an old woman, looking with eyes wild with fear at the churning and swirling waters. Jason stepped on a twig, and the woman turned quickly, much quicker than any normal old woman. Her eyes connected with his, and the two stared for a moment.
“Don’t you know better than to frighten a feeble old woman like that!” she cried out, indignant at finding her fear meaningless.
Jason was about to reply, when she suddenly broke out into a hideous laugh.
“You have come at just the right time!” she cried. “Help me over the river at once!”
Jason was about to step into the waters and refuse the order he had been given, but then he remembered Juno, and he walked over to the ancient woman. He was about to give her a hand, when she sprung nimbly up onto his back, and struck him and yelled at him as one does to a stubborn donkey. Jason kept his temper, and he put one foot into the swirling water. The old woman clung onto him like a leech, and he began to wade through the waters.
The flood began to push him downstream, its swirling currents attempting to knock him from his feet. He continued on, and one foot in front of the other, he began to make progress. The waters soaked Jason, but the old woman was kept dry. Suddenly, they neared a rock, and a spray shot out from it. The old woman turned to avoid it, causing the edge of her dress to dip in the water.
She began screaming as if Jason had thrown her into the current, and she beat her benefactor with her bony hands, and tried to think of the worse insults possible.
But all that came out was: “You lazy ox, you soaked me!”
Jason readied himself to insult her and fling her into the water, but he remembered Juno, and he only said:
“Even the strongest horse may stumble. We are nearly to the other side. Please be patient.”    
Finally, they reached the other side, and the old woman sprang off his back as nimbly as she had sprung on, dry and unharmed.
Jason heaved himself over to a rock, and he leaned on it, soaked and bruised. A cut bled where a sandal should have been. He had lost it in the current. He looked up to where the old woman had been, but in her place stood a beautiful goddess.
“Because you have helped me” said the goddess, “I will repay you by helping you in your time of need.”
Jason was about to thank her, but she disappeared. Jason got up, and began to walk toward the city. When he entered, he found himself a source of attention, which he did not mind. As he strode through the city, he asked a man why everyone was staring at him.
“You have been prophesied about” answered the old man. “It was written in ancient times that one who entered the city with one sandal would take the throne!”
Jason strode right up to the castle, and after being received, he found the king, who greeted him courteously. For many days he was given food and lodging in the castle, and Jason began to doubt the rumors he had heard. However, he soon found the tales to be very true.
One day, Jason was walking with the king.
“My good Jason!” cried the king, “I have a problem that has been haunting me for many a day and night, and I come to you first to ask for advice, for you are intelligent and will solve the problem more quickly than my counselors.”
Jason asked what the problem was, enjoying being called wise, above even the wisest of wise men!
“I have one whose presence I loathe here in my castle. Please tell me a way I can rid myself of him.”
Jason thought for a second, and the answer struck him.
“I would send him after the golden fleece,” Jason answered casually.
“Thank you Jason!” cried the king. “Normally I would reward you, but I believe you will not have time for that in between preparation for such a journey!”
Jason, fuming with anger, prepared to fire an angry remark, and turn back from his word, but he remembered Juno, and he held himself back.
Later that day, he prepared for the journey. Between thoughts of anger and worry, he was glad he had not disappointed his teacher, the noble centaur Juno.

Saturday, May 20, 2017

Augustine of Hippo IEW Essay (by Ethan)


Augustine of Hippo: His Life and Legacy


Academic Life—From Thagaste to Rome

            (1)Aurelius Augustus was born on November 13 in the year 354 A.D.  (4)During the slow decline of the Roman Empire, the magistrates desperately clung to the lands that remained inside their control.  North Africa was one such a territory.  It was here, in the small town of Thagaste, that Aurelius Augustus was raised.  Due to the generosity of his parents, Augustine benefited from an excellent
education.  Determined to pass on the skill that he had acquired as an orator, he opened a school to educate the young men of his hometown.  He was, however, frustrated with this vocation.   Following the advice of a friend, he moved to Rome to pursue a fresh career. (3)Unquestionably, this transition set in motion the beginning of a new life for Augustine.
Childhood and Education
            Augustine’s comparatively humble beginnings in no way inhibited the budding
brilliance that he demonstrated from an early age.  Augustine’s father, Patricius Augustus, was a decurion—a Roman civil authority.  (3)Since the legalization of Christianity, the practice of paganism was no longer obligatory.  Even so, Patricius’ fierce loyalty to his country and his position as an officer compelled him to practice the Roman civic religion. However, his love for his Christian wife, Monica, tempered his zeal.  He allowed her to both practice Christianity and to raise the children according to biblical principles.  Because of Monica’s faithful instruction,  Augustine was firmly grounded in the Christian faith from his youth.  Due to his precarious position in government, Patricius was constantly under financial strain; he was obligated to make restitution for any discrepancies in public taxes from his private purse.   (4)Refusing to let poverty prevent his son from receiving a Roman education, he insisted that Augustine be enrolled in a local academy. (6)Augustine did not fare well.  Despite his promise as a student, Augustine put little effort into his studies, often resulting in painful consequences.  (2)In his autobiography, Confessions,
Augustine candidly describes his early education:
                                                  
                        But O God, my God, I now went through a period of suffering and humiliation.  I was told that it was right and proper for me as a boy to pay attention to my teachers, so that I should do well at my study and get on in the world… So I was sent to school to learn to read.  I was too small to understand the purpose it might serve and yet, if I was idle at my studies, I was beaten for it…I was still a boy when I first began to pray to you, my Help and my Refuge.  I used to prattle away to you, and though I was small, my devotion was great when I begged you not to let me be beaten at school…
Since his parents’ primary focus was on his educational success, rather than his moral or social conduct, Augustine was sent to live in a nearby city and later to Carthage in hopes that he might exercise his full potential.  It was in this environment that Augustine lived for some time, straying far from the faith in which he had been raised.  (1)Augustine of Thagaste would one day pay a price for his actions that would far exceed that which he paid in his youth.

Teaching in Thagaste and Carthage
            (6)Augustine needed money.  (4) Having taken for granted the generosity of
Thagaste’s mayor in funding his university education, it was not long before he began to slip
back into the vile pastimes of his youth.  (1)Augustine aptly depicts the grievous condition
of Carthage in his book, Confessions, as, “a hissing cauldron of lust,” a place in which he,
“exhausted [himself] in depravity.”  Hearing of Augustine’s behavior, the mayor became
continually less willing to fund his exploits.  It was about this time that Patricius died, leaving
Monica alone to tend the household and to fund their son’s education.  Every penny that could be spared was sent to Augustine, but it was never enough to satisfy his unquenchable desires. (3)Finally, Alypius, an old family friend and Augustine’s fellow classmate, convinced Augustine to tutor at the university to help pay for his education.  Despite the difficult competition, Augustine succeeded in this vocation and managed to complete his education. Ever since Augustine had left Thagaste, Monica had become increasingly worried.  Now, receiving mixed rumors of Augustine’s remarkable achievements and his roguish activities, her fears redoubled.   Providentially, the solution to her worries came in the form of the mayor’s son.  (5)A wild youth of Augustine’s age, he was a dreadful student, having been expelled from all of the surrounding schools.  The mayor suggested that Augustine, who had finished his education in Carthage, return to open a school in Thagaste.  Despite misgivings about what he was leaving behind, the possibility of 
relieving the strain of competition proved irresistable.  He followed the mayor’s advice,
reopening his school in Thagaste, and blew away all expectations.  His return did nothing
to relieve Monica’s fears.  Her son had returned changed—though outwardly rich, Augustine
was spiritually destitute.
Careers in Rome and Milan
            (6)Never had Monica been more distressed.  (1)Augustine had not only returned a
pagan, but he had begun to introduce his Manichean ideas into her own household.  (5)Already one of the most powerful orators of his time, he present heresies which his mother could not  debate.  At last, she put an end to it.  Augustine left home, trusting to the good will of the mayor to provide a place for him to stay.  He was not disappointed and enjoyed every luxury his heart desired.  (3)Suddenly, during this time of indulgent bliss, Augustine’s beloved friend fell gravely ill and died.  Augustine describes their final encounter as one that shook the foundations of his faith.  (4)Receiving no comfort in Thagaste, he took the advice of a friend, and left to pursue a teaching position in Rome.  This endeavor proved a bitter disappointment.  Not only were his students rowdy, careless, and uncontrollable, but they treated him as an outsider.  Severely limited by his lack of finances, Augustine chanced to find a job opening in Milan.  With the help of a friend, Augustine managed to secure the position, and found it immediately more to his liking than Rome.  During his stay in Milan, Augustine was fascinated by talk of Bishop Ambrose and his oratorical skills.  Augustine began attending the services, hoping to learn techniques that might prove useful in his newly acquired job.  Augustine was immediately astounded by the simplicity of the bishop’s arguments, and perceived more clearly than ever the fault of his old ways.  Finally, after
over thirty years of struggle, Augustine laid aside his doubts and professed faith in Christ.  Monica’s unceasing prayers had been answered—the son, once lost, now was
found. 
            (1)Augustine was indisputably one of the most accomplished theologians in history. 
What he is less accredited for, however, are his extensive academic contributions.  The brilliance that marked his childhood followed him throughout his education and prestigious careers, both in his hometown and abroad.  Through this brilliance, God brought about his spiritual work in many of those that have read his writings.  (5)And so, the legacy of his achievements— academic and spiritual—and the eternal impact they have carried live on, nearly 1700 years after
his death.

Spiritual Life—From Heretic to Bishop

            (5)As prestigious as was his academic life, his spiritual journey was even more profound.  Though faithfully instructed by his devout Christian mother, Augustine swiftly strayed from the paths in which he had been raised, embracing the Manichean heresy.  Augustine had become a staunch advocate for the lies that he soon began to teach.  At last, God worked through another faithful servant, dispelling Augustine’s old beliefs, and turning him once more to the Lord.  (2)In this way, Augustine returned to the flock, soon to be one of the most influential leaders the church would ever see.

Early Life and Manichean Beliefs  
            Because of Augustine’s reputation as a theologian, it is easy to forget that he spent his youth as a pagan.  (1)Augustine experienced the benefits of being born during a period of Christian supremacy.  Nevertheless, he spent much of his early life torn between the varying  beliefs of his pagan father and Christian mother.  For this reason, Monica was hesitant to baptize him in his youth, fearing that in doing so, she would bring a curse upon his head if he apostatized.  This mark of separation from his Christian peers did not fail to have an effect upon the young Augustine.  Managing to succeed in academics, Augustine spent much of his free time in the roguish pursuits of his friends.  A familiar passage in Confessions describes one such occasion:

                              …of what I stole I already had plenty, and much better at that, and I had no wish to enjoy the things I coveted by stealing, but only to enjoy the theft itself and the sin.  There was a pear-tree near our vineyard, loaded with fruit that was attractive neither to look at nor to taste.  Late one night, a band of ruffians, myself included, went off to shake down the fruit and carry it away… not to eat ourselves, but merely to throw to the pigs.  Perhaps we ate some of them, but our real pleasure consisted in doing something that was forbidden.
   (2)In this way, Augustine began to drift from the devout instruction of his mother.  In Confessions, he mourns the sorrow that he inflicted on his mother, “[She] wept to you for me, shedding more tears for my spiritual death than other mothers shed for the bodily death of a son.”  Even so, in the darkness of conflicting beliefs, Augustine perceived the simplicity of the gospel as foolishness.  Against his mother’s will, he was sent to study in Carthage, at which time he “burned with longing to have wings to carry [himself] back to [Lord].”  During his stay in Carthage, Augustine became acquainted with a heresy that was destined to drive him still farther from the Lord.  His longing was not yet satisfied, Monica’s tearful prayers were not yet answered.
Conversion and New Life
            It was at this time, that the providence that had guided Augustine’s life so far, could most clearly be seen.  By means of a number of careers, Augustine was carried from Carthage to Milan.  The beliefs that he once embraced, studied, and taught to others, were quickly losing  their allure.  Soon they were faced by additional bombardment at the hands of Ambrose, Bishop of Milan, one of the greatest orators of the time.  Due to his tasks as a bishop, however, Ambrose had little time to spare for Augustine’s queries.  (1)Augustine and his friend, Alypius, seeking  refuge from their spiritual agony, travelled to see Ponticianus, Ambrose’s spiritual mentor.  (4)During his visit with Ponticianus, Augustine raised many of the questions that had been troubling him.  Ponticianus answered all of these in a parable-like story in which two young men, parallels to Augustine and Alypius, found faith in Christ.  As they left, Augustine turned to Alypius, saying, “What is the matter with us?  What is the meaning of this story?  These men  have not had our schooling, yet they stand up and storm the gates of heaven while we, for all our learning, lie groveling in this world of flesh and blood!”  At that he left, seeking refuge where\ none could be found.  (2)In the garden of his host Ponticianus, he threw himself down in tortured prayer.  (3)Suddenly he was interrupted by the voice of a nearby child, saying, “Take it and read, take it and read.” 
Taking this as a divine summons, Augustine opened a Bible, and his eyes fell upon a passage from Romans, chapter thirteen, verses thirteen and fourteen, “Not in reveling and
drunkenness, not in lust and wantonness,
not in quarrels and rivalries.  Rather arm yourselves with the Lord Jesus Christ; spend no more thoughts on nature or nature’s appetites.”  God used these words to spark saving faith in Augustine’s heart.  With tears, Monica watched her son’s baptism, but no longer the anguished tears of mother mourning her child’s death.  Rather they were the tears of mother at the long- awaited return of a son to her arms.
Life as Bishop and Writings
            Augustine’s conversion had an immediate and marked impact on every aspect of his life. (2)At once, he dropped title and career, retiring with his mother and Alypius to dedicate his life to the study of God’s word.  So violently opposed was he to the vices that once bound him, that he forsook even his basic needs.  At times he neglected food and water in his hunger and thirst for God and His word. At this time, Monica, the long-suffering servant of the Lord, died in the  arms of her son, escaping to find the arms of her Father in Heaven.  Following Monica’s death, Augustine visited a nearby church in the city of Hippo.  (1)Bishop Valerius, recognizing him, at once made a stirring invitation to the young men of the city to aid in the ministry as priests.  Perceiving that his call was directed towards Augustine, the congregation forced him to the front of the room, where he was immediately ordained.  Augustine began to weep at the thought of abandoning his study for the ministry.  Mistaking his tears as sorrow at being appointed a mere priest, Valerius promised him the title of bishop as well.  Thus, Augustine became known as Augustine of Hippo.
            Though Augustine’s tasks as a bishop were many, that in no way decreased the volume of his writing.  Some scholars have commented that the total of his literary contributions, would  equal a 300-page novel written every year for forty years!  Augustine’s work was especially characterized by his ability to express incredibly complex topics in such a way that it is still accessible fifteen centuries later.  His full collected works comprises nearly one hundred ten documents, leading to speculation that Augustine employed a number of highly trained scribes to aid him in his undertaking.  These writings consisted of anything from short academic treatises to complex spiritual and philosophical works.  Even so, Augustine demonstrated astonishing humility, and example of which can be found in one of his most notable works, On Christian Doctrine, in which he says:

                       "[This work is]...a great and arduous undertaking, and one that, if difficult to carry out, it is, I fear, presumptuous to enter upon.  And presumptuous it would undoubtedly be, if I were counting on my own strength; but since my hope of accomplishing the work rests on Him who has already supplied me with many thoughts on this subject, I do not fear but that He will go on to supply what is yet wanting when once I have begun to use what He has already given...if [we] use freely and cheerfully what [we] have received...He will add to and perfect his gifts...just as that bread [in the miracle of the loaves and fishes] increased in the very act of breaking it, so those thoughts which the Lord has already vouch-safed to me with a view to undertaking this work will, as soon as I begin to impart them to others, be multiplied by His grace..." (On Christian Doctrine).
 Thus, Augustine passed the rest of his life in Hippo, in the study and ministry of God’s word.  Augustine died on August 28th 430 A.D.  His life, was the final nail in the coffin for paganism,  heralding a new age of Christianity.

            The journey of Augustine’s life—beginning with his slavery to youthful passions and heresy, continuing into his conversion and life as the Bishop of Hippo—has inspired
the hearts of countless readers.  The legacy of his written works, continues, sharpened and ready in God’s work of cutting down that which threatens his people, and in returning to himself those predestined to His saving work through Christ.

Ethan
Grade: 10 Age: 15